{"id":1945,"date":"2024-01-10T14:09:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T19:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/?p=1945"},"modified":"2024-01-10T14:09:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T19:09:25","slug":"history-of-the-university-of-chicago","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/eternal\/history-of-the-university-of-chicago-1945","title":{"rendered":"History of the University of Chicago"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>One of the most renowned educational institutions in the city is the University of Chicago (UChi). Its history dates back to 1890. Its main area of activity is scientific research. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/uk\/\">chicago1.one<\/a>, the opening of the university had a significant impact on the further development of academic disciplines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a49565ce316b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a49565ce316b\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/eternal\/history-of-the-university-of-chicago-1945\/#John_Rockefeller_%E2%80%93_founder_of_the_University\" >John Rockefeller &#8211; founder of the University<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/eternal\/history-of-the-university-of-chicago-1945\/#Organization_of_studies_at_the_university_in_the_early_20th_century\" >Organization of studies at the university in the early 20th century<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/eternal\/history-of-the-university-of-chicago-1945\/#Affiliation_of_the_University_of_Chicago_with_colleges_and_schools\" >Affiliation of the University of Chicago with colleges and schools<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/eternal\/history-of-the-university-of-chicago-1945\/#The_presidency_of_Robert_Maynard_and_his_reforms\" >The presidency of Robert Maynard and his reforms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/eternal\/history-of-the-university-of-chicago-1945\/#Activity_of_the_university_at_the_end_of_the_20th_century\" >Activity of the university at the end of the 20th century<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/eternal\/history-of-the-university-of-chicago-1945\/#The_main_campus_of_the_university\" >The main campus of the university<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"John_Rockefeller_%E2%80%93_founder_of_the_University\"><\/span>John Rockefeller &#8211; founder of the University<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.chicago1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2023\/12\/oycp9x0kv6qdzla4wuehlt042rbsdrrj36qlodr9mjrox2_8ibpmtdonaqh99sztube1uxxwek4hz5pmddt0pytvdnuhmtgwfzokflpzuszjzam0kgqk6mzizyvtxwcyqxbhleul_iu9thurc08cspa.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The University of Chicago was officially registered as a secular coeducational institution in 1890. The American Baptist Education Society was its founder. In particular, in the early years of its operation, the establishment was financially supported through donations from oil magnate John D. Rockefeller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new institution was created to replace the Baptist university, which was closed in 1886 due to lack of funds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UChi was to become a prototype of German research universities. William Harper became its first president. The founders expected that he would enhance the support of Christianity in the Midwest. The educational institution also promoted scientific research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Merchant Marshall Field donated the land plot for the construction of the university. A campus built on 10 acres of land in Hyde Park resembled the universities of Cambridge and Oxford.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organization_of_studies_at_the_university_in_the_early_20th_century\"><\/span>Organization of studies at the university in the early 20th century<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.chicago1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2023\/12\/5lwvgbmmm9dc5mimensp_afbw-vp3ouexabo_jmmjbk-0elc758fwic-sllxyycoqilyi5sriljfnnfn2epciir_nvkeiobjn_cz4cfy92x8dcy5eefaoemrpflt8ssq5ze5rc_bl_odc3gsei-aq8w.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Initially, children of small traders studied at UChi. Most of them were girls. Such a tendency caused concern among the management of the academic establishment. Therefore, the admission of women to the university and their study with men were restricted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To raise the prestige of UChi, president Harper invited professors and scientists from all over the world. With the assistance of scholars, a philosophy department was opened at the university. The law school at UChi gained the status of the most influential in the US because they were the first to start racial and ethnic studies, as well as detailed research into urban communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The university directly influenced urban reform in Chicago and the organization of municipal management. A business school and a law school were also established at the institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the innovations introduced by Harper was the university extension program based on a similar program in Great Britain. It provided the opportunity for students, including adults, to study outside of the institution and on a part-time basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the death of Harper in 1906, the university was headed by three more presidents until 1929. During this period, the Oriental Institute was opened, whose activities included conducting and supporting archaeological excavations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Affiliation_of_the_University_of_Chicago_with_colleges_and_schools\"><\/span>Affiliation of the University of Chicago with colleges and schools<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.chicago1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2023\/12\/u_ks3nrfd8t0-ozrwtvicrbwgs2un3f7lq2-nmla-60x1uis9ox6ztf_qw9nie_n37kv8nfsqgtazssenluvlsip65xrffbbtvksjleedotjqri7kxth03ahk9uyd9za29ndpplx7g_b2vvyolu4zli.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>UChi had accumulated an extensive material and scientific foundation by 1890, which made it a major competitor to smaller colleges and schools. That is why the university joined several regional colleges and schools to avoid causing substantial damage to smaller educational establishments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An accession agreement concluded with the teaching facilitys ensured the availability of training courses similar to university ones. The recruitment and dismissal of teachers was also coordinated with the university according to the agreement. In return, UChi agreed to recognize the diplomas of graduates of subsidiary establishments, but only if a student received excellent grades during four years of study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The university provided necessary books and scientific resources to its affiliated colleges and schools. The new reform was not supported by all teachers. Some professors expressed their indignation because they had to do additional work for free. As a result, the program did not last long and was closed by the university in 1910.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_presidency_of_Robert_Maynard_and_his_reforms\"><\/span>The presidency of Robert Maynard and his reforms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.chicago1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2023\/12\/pssq3s5izl2noriaflo4winuho6zahdumifnl2nfzosll1x7bwe3dx1artfevacy6nnu6xsxnwm9zzhwtyo7vpedtbzx_a-zyi6q_yszg4ja8dj_bxdlgrl3wbjmbgxicn_wulnbkbod7u6c8bnei7g.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1929, Robert M. Hutchins became the head of the university and held this position until 1954. His main reforms were aimed at excluding football from the curriculum of the educational institution. Thus, he tried to focus on scientific activity rather than sports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hutchins initiated the introduction of a liberal arts program. In 1933, the university\u2019s president proposed to merge Northwestern University with the University of Chicago. However, the idea was unsuccessful and did not bring the targeted result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, during Hutchins&#8217; presidency, the construction of a university hospital for medical students was completed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists at UChi were the first in the world to discover the phenomenon of artificial nuclear reactions and isolate plutonium. But during the Great Depression, the establishment experienced financial difficulties and would not have survived without the support of the Rockefeller Foundation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Activity_of_the_university_at_the_end_of_the_20th_century\"><\/span>Activity of the university at the end of the 20th century<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.chicago1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2023\/12\/zsbtc5a9co6bsdw7shiy1_rd1btsb3-zmssll3ijegoqrhqmigj53comfwye1nim_vhgxk7zome9wuo7fxbqlrvgdkzui3qojao1whsljklch9lsse8pjyhlf58p3nncn9eshyuqpezo0_6u5kaf6rq.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>From 1950, the number of students at UChi steadily declined, mostly because of the rise in crime in the Hyde Park area where the university was located.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To improve the situation, the university management decided to renovate the park. These innovations later changed the appearance of buildings and street layout in this district.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1969, a large-scale disturbance swept over the university. UChi\u2019s administration made a&nbsp; decision to fire a favorite student professor, Marlene Dixon. Several hundred students blocked the entrance to the administration for two weeks. Consequently, 42 protesters were expelled from the educational establishment and another 81 were suspended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1978, Hanna Gray became president of UChi. She remained in office for the next 15 years. From the 2000s, a number of massive projects were launched at the institution. Simultaneously, new buildings were being constructed, each of which cost $100 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In particular, a new hospital, a scientific center, the Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, a business school and the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center were later opened.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_main_campus_of_the_university\"><\/span>The main campus of the university<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.chicago1.one\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2023\/12\/rywvvkndssxjdhkk_xkgw6lue0r6hess8lfxyfpefziuyvarbhyjfbawvhtotjfdkwroer2briybyq-fbrzwwpjvuwy6zu5n8p6hwtyydetb5xpjqlnzrwwirixnqsx6noevyxc9rwuhern0lxhssd4.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The main campus of the university is situated in Hyde Park and covers an area of 211 acres. The academic building is divided by the large Midway Plaisance park, founded in 1893.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It should be added that in 2011, the university was included in the list of academic institutions with the most beautiful campus. UChi, like the University of Oxford, is built in the Gothic style. The first campus buildings, also known as the Main Quadrangles, were designed by local architect Henry Cobb. The quadrangles combine the styles of Collegiate and Victorian Gothic architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From 1940, the campus began to be gradually updated. In 1955, UChi included art buildings, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies and the Regenstein Library, which is the largest building of the establishment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2011, the construction of a new glass-domed library named after Joe and Rika Mansueto was completed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the most renowned educational institutions in the city is the University of Chicago (UChi). Its history dates back to 1890. Its main area of activity is scientific research. According to chicago1.one, the opening of the university had a significant impact on the further development of academic disciplines. John Rockefeller &#8211; founder of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":329,"featured_media":1849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1166],"tags":[1331,1329,1328,1334,1335,1321,1333,1324,1327,1336,1325,1330,1326,1332,1322,1323],"moimportance":[78,81],"motype":[1158],"moformat":[93],"class_list":{"0":"post-1945","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education","8":"tag-a-business-school-and-the-gerald-ratner-athletics-center-were-later-opened","9":"tag-a-new-hospital","10":"tag-a-scientific-center","11":"tag-activity-of-the-university-at-the-end-of-the-20th-century","12":"tag-during-hutchins-presidency","13":"tag-john-rockefeller-founder-of-the-university","14":"tag-mostly-because-of-the-rise-in-crime-in-the-hyde-park-area-where-the-university-was-located","15":"tag-the-campus-began-to-be-gradually-updated-in-1955","16":"tag-the-construction-of-a-new-glass-domed-library-named-after-joe-and-rika-mansueto-was-completed","17":"tag-the-construction-of-a-university-hospital-for-medical-students-was-completed","18":"tag-the-harris-school-of-public-policy-studies-and-the-regenstein-library","19":"tag-the-knapp-center-for-biomedical-discovery","20":"tag-the-main-campus-of-the-university-is-situated-in-hyde-park-and-covers-an-area-of-211-acres","21":"tag-the-number-of-students-at-uchi-steadily-declined","22":"tag-the-school-of-social-service-administration","23":"tag-uchi-included-art-buildings","24":"moimportance-golovna-novina","25":"moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatori","26":"motype-eternal","27":"moformat-longrid-korotka"},"modified_by":"Inna Hananova","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/329"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1945"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1946,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1945\/revisions\/1946"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1945"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=1945"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=1945"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chicago1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=1945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}